The article presents the main research areas conducted in FSBSI ARHIBAN of genetic resources, breeding, biotechnology, virology, plant protection, agricultural chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, agricultural technology, nursery, labor-intensive processes of mechanization in horticulture. Results achieved: stored, rechargedand study of the genetic collection in the amount of more than 900 samples of fruit and small fruits crops, 1315samples of ornamental plants and more than 20770 samples of field, vegetable, rare collection of the world’scrops gene pool of Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry; more than 300 varieties were created. It’s shown that FSBSI ARHIBAN is a patent holder and the originator of 254 varieties which are in the State register of breedingachievements permitted for use; the Institute was published 145 methods and techniques, 35 state standardsand specifications and was developed 320 technologies, technological regulations and recommendations, 180design documentation and engineering prototypes. Since the beginning of the Institute more than 600 patentsand copyright certificates for inventions and selection achievements were registered. Over the past 5 years,the works have been reflected in 49 monographs and books, in 1382 scientific articles, 628 of which in peer-reviewed journals and 108 in the foreign press. The role of the Institute in the development of scientifi c disciplines and promotion of scientific achievements is confirmed by the organization of conferences, workshops, forums,meetings, exhibitions of international and national level. It was conducted 66 of them at the Institute in the last5 years. It’s also confirmed by the edition of the journal «Horticulture and viticulture», the collection of scientific works «Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia», as well by the continued participation in majornational and international exhibitions.

The results of long-term study of 13 varieties of plum Yenikeyev΄s breading in the Central region of Russia are given. The purpose of research was to identify the best of them. The productivity, quality fruit, winter hardiness, disease resistance and other indicators were studied. Winter hardiness was studied in severe winters (1986/1987, 1990/1991 and others) with the minimum temperature to -35 (without thawing) and -28 °C (thaw). Resistance to fungal diseases was estimated in 2013., during the growing season in which (April - September) fell to 450 mm of rain, and the average monthly air temperature exceeded the normal by 2-4 °C. The varieties of Prunus domestica Smolinka, Utro, Yaichnaya siniya, Sukhanovskaya, Pamyati Timiryazeva and the variety of Prunus salicina Skoroplodnaya have been revealed as adaptive, productive and high-quality varieties.

The results of studying of 10 blackberry varieties and 5 raspberry-blackberry hybrids on the main economic and biological indices in the conditions of the Bryansk region were presented. Low winter hardiness of stems of studied genotypes (from 0.5 to 2.3 points) and quite good regeneration ability of some varieties (Black Satin, Gazda, Thornfree, Orcan, Marion, Smootstem, Loganberry Thornless) have been set up. Analysis of components of productivity has been made. The largest fruits (with average weight of berries 4.0-6.2 g) form the varieties Thornfree, Loch Ness, Marion, Smootstem, Black Satin, Loch Tay. The blackberry varieties Thornfree, Black Satin and Smootstem have been distinguished as the best according to the complex economic and biological characteristics. They can be grown as in amateur gardening and on an industrial basis. The variety Loch Tay and raspberry-blackberry hybrids Mario, that differ by large-sized and high taste fruit have been recommended for subsistence farming.

The problem of working out effective, reliable, reputable technique for regenerants obtaining in leaf discs and others complex explants is very actual and important for different fields of plant science such as plant breeding, virology, plant propagation, genetic and physiology. In our experiments in vitro regeneration of whole plants from the leaf discs, leaves and intermodal segments of blackberry (Rubus sp.), and red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) has been studied. It was shown that the intermodal segments provided the highest level of shoot regeneration in comparison with leaf discs and leaves culture. Anther culture was characterized by lowest rate of shoots regeneration. The rate of callus formation in isolated anther culture depended on the stage of pollen grain development. For increasing of regenerants output in leaf discs culture the optimization of nutrient media components as far as auxins and cytokinins concentration was carried out; it was also established that leaf discs explants precultivation on low level illumination provided increasing of rate regeneration. The same effect could be obtained by means of wounding of leaf blade. In general the rate of regeneration depended on species and varieties peculiarities, nutrient media composition, cultivation conditions. The worked out techniques can be used for genetic engineering and virology investigation, somaclonal selection, plant propagation including “artifi cial seeds” creation.

The purpose of researches is the study of biological peculiarities of growth and fructification of columnar apple-tree varieties, their productivity and economic efficiency. Experiment is lay in 2001 by twoyear-old seedlings on the clonal stock of MM 106 by the varieties: President, Tchervonets, Ostankino, Valyuta. Each variety was presented by 16 trees. The placing scheme was two-line 2,5 + 0,9×0.4 m with the density 14705 trees/ha. Two types of a crone were studied: column a trunk without lateral branches and naturally growing, without pruning. At trunk column all lateral branches were annually moved off, leaving shoot of continuation of the trunk. Height of the tree was limited to 2,7 m. Trees without pruning at the 13-year-old age were reached the height of 3,7 m. Space between rows was kept under lawn. There was herbicidal fallow in the row. The fructification period was 13 years. Expenses for manufacture were counted on standard technological cards. It is established, that the cultivation of columnar apple-tree varieties in the industrial orchard with forming pruning and density of planting of trees 14705 pieces/ha was ineffective because of the big expenses for planting material and forming pruning. Despite the high potential productivity reaching 106 t/ha, the average productivity for the amortization period makes 17,8 t/ha that is absolutely not enough for profi t reception. The efficiency of cultivation of columnar apple-tree varieties considerably increases without application of forming pruning. In this case the average yield for 13 years of fructification was on 27,5 % more, than at forming pruning, but in the absence of expenses for pruning the orchard became profitable with an yield of 23,5 t/ha.

Precision fertilizer systems based on the exact impact on agricultural plants provide the greatest efficiency of applied fertilizers. In a long-term of vegetative agrochemical experiment it was studied the effectiveness of precision methods of additional fertilizing with lanthanum at foliar treatment of plants of black currant variety Orlovskaya serenada. For foliar treatment it was used 0,03 and 0,07 % solution of lanthanum chloride together with complexing agents EDTA or HEDP adhesive universal adjuvant Sylveth Gold. For foliar treatment with lanthanum in concentrations of 0,03 %, and also with additives adjuvant Sylveth Gold 0,06 % and 0,06 % of EDTA and HEDP the plant productivity of black currant was increased to an average of 1,7 times. It enhances the growth, development and fruiting of currant bushes at 19-48 % relative to the background options. The use as additive preparations Sylveth Gold and EDTA promoted the greatest increase in chlorophyll content in leaves at foliar treatment with lanthanum. The lowest lanthanum content in the berries currant was in the variant with the processing of 0,03 % solution of lanthanum in combination with the universal Sylveth Gold. Use only the foliar treatment of plants with lanthanum did not have a significant impact on the biochemical composition of fruits. According to a range of indicators it was proved that most effective use of foliar treatment with lanthanum in concentration of 0,03 % is in combination with the universal wetting Sylveth Gold.

The purpose of research is to explain the importance and show the stages of preparation of large plantations of currants to efficient machine harvesting. This is important in connection with the updating of assortment, new technology, technological advances in the field of horticulture and the rotation of experts of small fruits farms. The requirements to maintain the quality of berries currants harvest with a combine harvesting at the current stage of the technical level of existing machines can be satisfied mostly by the preparation of industrial plantations to machine stress. In such circumstances, the technical means assure maximum economic efficiency when they are used in the established agro-technical terms. Research methods are the analysis of agronomical indications to prepare the black currant plantations for comparative tests of combines harvesting and comparative results of the state tests of domestic cars and foreign analogues. Based recommendations and suggestions for cultivating currants on commercial plantations, which collect up to 94 % grown berries are presented.

Magnetic-pulse processing of plants in horticulture and the features of its realisation on the base of application developed in ARHIBAN innovative devices of magnetic-pulse processing (MPP) fruit trees and small fruit cultures (AMP-3, MA MPP, SMP-4, SMP-5) for the processing by a pulse magnetic field of soil, plants and their improvement taking into account influence of external factors is considered. Prospects of this trend is supported by a number of derived ARHIBAN positive results: growth stimulation of seeds, the perpetuation of green and ligneous cuttings, of plants propagation in vitro, plant grower in the open and protected ground, conducting winter inoculations, plants sanitation from viruses. The introduction of technological method of using MA MPP in the cultivation of strawberry on an industrial scale, allows to increase the level of profitability of production to 33 %, and the profit in 2.8 times. The stimulator SMP-5 with improved technical and economic indicators which is the innovative work out of 2013 year is also considered. Its using offers great possibilities to obtain new data about the effects of magnetic pulses on plants and fruit crops on the base of specialized command MP-3 files created on a PC. The introduction of technological MPP technique using the stimulator SMP-5 for recovery of plants, allows to receive high-quality planting material with an annual economic impact of 471 thousand rubles. It demonstrates the usefulness of MPP for large and medium volume production farms.