As a result of many years of creative work in North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (NCRRIH&V) new varieties of apple trees of different ripening - from early summer to the winter period and late-winter were created. The main focus is the creation of new apple varieties of NCRRIH&V breeding was paid to enhancing the adaptability of characteristics, combined with the early period of coming into fruition, early, winter or late-winter (as the most sought-after production) for the period of maturation, large-fruited, improved flavour of the fruit. New apple varieties of NCRRIH&V breeding are characterized by high annual yield, good marketable and consumer qualities of the fruit, have increased resistance to the most harmful diseases and adverse environmental factors. On the basis of regionalized assortment of apple and taking into account of the promising varieties undergoing State variety testing, an conveyor of apple varieties of different ripening dates for the southern region of Russia was proposed. When drawing up the conveyor the main limiting factors of the region were taken into account. The description of promising apple varieties of NCRRIH&V breeding with different ripening is given: Podarok Stavropolyu (immune to scab early summer varieties ripening, received in NCRRIH&V in conjunction with the All-Russian Research Institute of fruit crop breeding (ARRIFCB) and Stavropol experimental horticultural station); Fortuna (summer variety of NCRRIH&V breeding, the fi rst created in Kuban immune to scab); Carmen, Orpheus, Margo (immune to scab varieties of NCRRIH&V breeding together with ARRIFCB of autumn and winter ripening); Pamyat esaulu, Kubanskoye bagryanoye, Prikubanskoye (resistant to fungal pathogens varieties NCRRIH&V breeding of winter ripening).

The results of many years of work on breeding and study of varieties of different origin of the stone fruit crops in the North Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture are generalized. Perspective domestic varieties of plums, sweet cherries and cherries of the new generation created on the basis of various breeding methods, characterized by complex and important breeding and agronomic characters to form the southern assortment of stone fruit crops and laying of intensive plantations under the conditions of southern Russia are presented.

The main research objective was to study if symbiotic micro-organisms can be used in high quality grape grafted saplings production technologies in nursery gardens. For the purpose the laboratory and field methods were used. Some variants with fungus-aulophyte introduction as well as spontaneous inoculation were compared. The standard industry techniques were used to define the biological efficiency and grape saplings unification/commonality indicators. The number of the main ecologotrophic microorganisms were assessed by the means of soil suspension inoculation on the solid nutritional medium, the mineralisation process intensity indicators were defined. Sapling root inoculation with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi positively influenced the environmental stress adaptation of the plant, which was observed as an increased kidney blooming dynamics which was 1,3-2 times higher in comparison with control; and the initial foliage growth dynamics was 1,3-2 times more intensive in the fi rst two weeks after planting comparing with the control. Biological activity efficiency of the elevated grape plant part was apparent; the leaf surface area was expanded by 14,0-42,1 %, the scion average length pulled out by 10,8-28,5 %, leaf surface area growing was significantly more intensive in June-August period. Risogenesis was stimulated - the total number of roots increased by 1,3-1,6 times, 2 mm roots increased by 1,2-2,6 times, the total thickness of roots increased by 1,3-1,8 times. Microbiological activity growth of the soil rhizosphere was observed: the quantity of ammonifiers grew by 1,6 times, mineral nitrogen immobilisers increased more than by 2,5 times, oligonitrofils - by 3,1 times, pedotrofs - by 3, 5 times, micromycetes - by 1,7 times. Steady growth of grape saplings survival in the nursery in environmental stressful conditions is recorded (12,0-27,1 %) as well as an increased standard saplings exit (by 19-24 %).

The aim of the research was the optimization of the using of the import substituting drugs produced in Russia to protect against the dominant apple pathogens. During the period 2013-2015, according to conventional techniques, a series of production trials evaluating the effectiveness of triazole compounds in the suppression of apple scab and powdery mildew was conducted. During two years of testing on highly responsive to scab variety Chempion the fungicide Raek did not give on effectiveness of imported fungicide Scor with the same active ingredient. In the conditions of intensive emission of scab ascospores and with steady build-up of infectious background on the results of four treatments by observing of regulations the fungicide Raek was provided protection of the leaves at 97,0-99,0%, the protection of the fruits was at the level of 99,6-99,7 %. The biological effi ciency of domestic fungicide Medea to suppress scab on highly responsive variety Aidared was insignifi cantly different from the biological effectiveness of imported fungicides Scor and Stroby. The maximum effectiveness of the fungicide Medea in protection against scab was obtained in phenophases “fruit-hazel”: in protection of leaves on 97,3-98,9 %, in protection of fruits on 97,5-97,7 %. During protection of high-responsive variety against powdery mildew the fungicide Medea showed the effectiveness corresponding to the level of effectiveness of imported fungicide: 95,7-99,9 %. The basic points of the application technology of triazoles on apple were revealed: the maximum interval between sprinkles in intensive emission of scab ascospores and high speed of infection must not exceed six hours; at critical periods to scab infection of greatest effectiveness is achieved by using triazole in the processing sequence. Tests showed the competitiveness of Russian fungicides Raek and Medea with imported fungicide in the apple protection against scab and powdery mildew.

The article presents the results of research of èlisitors infl uence on the resistance of Bianca grapes plants with own roots to infect of leaf and root form of phylloxera, which is the most wide spreading pest in the South of Russia, causing extensive damage to the culture. The aim of the research was to determine the susceptibility of grapes plants to leaf and root form of phylloxera under the effect of èlisitors of different nature, and to develop the biotechnological techniques reducing the infect degree of grapes plants by phytopatogen and increasing in grapes harvest. It is established that for decreasing in the harmfulness of leaf forms of phylloxera the Fastak and the composition of preparations of domestic production of Furolan and Methionine are the most effective, three times use of these preparations during the growing season allow you to increase in yield up to 42.9 % and 50 %, respectively. The most biological efficiency of retention of pest settlement on secondary leaves is established when processing by the composition of Furolan + Methionine (62.2 %) and separately by Fastak (79.4 %). When the grapes roots are damaged by root form of phylloxera it is noted the sharp decline in the number of damages under the infl uence of Furolan and Methionine preparations up to 9.5 times. Anatomical and morphological study on root cross section revealed a significantly low degree of tigernuts formation when Furolan or composition of Furolan and Methionin are using. It is established the èlisitors positive effect on growth and development of roots in the horizon 0-45 cm, they improve the branch formation and increase in the number of suction roots. It is revealed the most signifi cant physiological and biochemical criterion’s parameters characterizing the grapes resistance to damage of phylloxera root form: lignin content in the roots and chlorogenic acid in the leaves and roots of grapes. It is noted the prolonged action of abiogen èlisitors on over-wintering of plants. In general, it is concluded that Furolan, Methionine and their composition as inductors of grapes immunity do not worse than the imported preparation of Fastak, and increase in grapes productivity and improve the quality of grapes harvest.

The article reflects the long-term years results of research on the development of intensive horticulture in the South of Russia from the beginning of 60 years of last century. It is noted the role of G. V. Trusevich,Dr. Sci. Agr., Professor, honoured scientist of the RSFSR as the founder of the school of commercial horticulture in the South of Russia, who has been developed the elements of intensive horticulture system: the dense fruit trees placement, changing of the natural crowns form, the techniques of acceleration and increasing of fruiting. The questions of creation of the new gardens type through the revision of the principles and practices of industrial gardens cultivation on the basis of definition of the best construction with different density, of planting taking into account the peculiarities of variety-rootstocks combinations were reported. The new technologies for gardens intensive cultivation, ensured the increase in productivity, early fruiting and plant resistance to stress factors of environment are presented. It is given the characteristics of the apple rootstocks of NC (North Caucasus) series, created taking into account the specific conditions of regional horticulture and a great diversity of soil and climatic conditions of the South of Russia. The different intensity growth of apple rootstocks of NC series (very dwarf, dwarf, semi-dwarf) allows you to create the apple trees plantations with different intensity degree. The characteristics of the apple rootstocks for drought and frost resistance, heat resistance, early fruiting of variety-rootstock combinations is given. The questions of adaptation of apple rootstocks of different ecological and geographical origin to the conditions of the South of Russia are considered. It is revealed, that the apple rootstocks of domestic breeding possess the large reserve of the potential possibilities to be adapted to drought in the comparison with the introduced apple rootstocks of the foreign breeding. An alternative and more economical type of intensive orchard on semi-dwarf rootstock NC 2U is offered with high grafting of saplings and their deeply planting without a stationary support and with soil subsurface drip irrigation. It makes possible to reduce the initial costs for laying of the garden, that significantly increase the competitiveness of domestic horticultural products.

Need of formation of the mechanism of management of resource-saving processes is proved. The main directions of increase of ecological and economic efficiency and stability of reproduction processes which are basis for formation of tools of management of processes of resource-saving in industrial wine growing are offered. The evaluation of efficiency of the main directions of resource-saving in industrial wine growing is given.