In the article the questions concerning the development of horticulture are reported, the role of science in improving the effectiveness of AIC is shown, the analysis of research areas, making a substantial contribution to the innovative development of horticulture is given, the role of state support in the development of domestic horticulture is considered. The facts, testifying to the innovative development of horticulture are presented, the need to develop the nursery in the country is emphasized. The specific proposals for the development of horticulture and nursery, to ensure the implementation of food security doctrine of the Russian Federation is given. Examples of the effective use of genetic collections of fruit and small fruit cultures in the creation of new varieties are considered. Biochemical data evaluation of apple fruits varieties of domestic and foreign breeding, information on the use of domestic breeding achievements in Russia and abroad are presented. Analysis of assortment of fruit and small fruits crops in the State register of selection achievements, admitted to use is given. The estimated data for the consumption of imported products: seedlings of fruit crops, plant protection means, commercial products of horticulture were shown. The program for production of certified planting material, elaborated by a team of scientists of research institutions in horticulture have been proposed. The estimated data for the needs of basic nurseries in resources to ensure the program of orchards plantation of apple, proposed by the state support of the basic nurseries of apple trees (excluding nurseries fields), the calculation of the necessary financial resources for the development of nursery in the Russian Federation are given. As the necessary support measures are noted: efficiency analysis of invested in the horticulture subsidies; the adoption of the Federal Law “On genetic resources” and amendments to the Federal Law “On the seed”; restoration of full-fledged, qualified management of the development of capital-intensive production in the structure of regional ministries of agriculture; development of regional Programs of development of horticulture,8 including coordinated subjects of the program of planting material production; tab in the budget financial resources for the scientific support of the processes of horticulture development in general and its foundations - nursery; the introduction of a differentiated amount of subsidies to the tab perennial plantations domestic or imported planting material; the introduction of special import duties on imported planting material; system to restore the production of certified seed of varieties that have specific areas sufficient adaptive capacity - local breeding or clone varieties of exotic species; development and approval of normative documents regulating the processes of production of certified seed free of virus and phytoplasma diseases; qualitative improvement of the external quarantine, elimination of import of planting material with low phytosanitary status; encourage the development of cooperation in the preparation and processing of fruits and small fruit production; application of instruments to protect the domestic market.

The article presents the results of effective use of genetic collections of fruit-trees and small fruit plants for the renovation of the existing assortment and for create varieties of new level. The working with genoplasma of species diversity of different species horticultural plants had been analysed; the importance of genetic collections as fundamental basis for genetic research and breeding of fruit- trees and small fruit plants was marked. The achievements of breeders in the promotion of fruit crops (apple, pear, sweet cherry, plum) in the Northern regions of cultivation through the gradual creation of winter-hardy and cold-resistant varieties, the effectiveness in the breeding process of distant hybridization and introgression of genes of unreduced gametes of winter hardy forms in the genome of fruit plants (for example, stone fruit plants crops i.e plum), as well as the achievements in the development of clonal rootstocks for stone fruit plants have been showed. The works on the study of the Northern gene pool of raspberry and subsequent distant hybridization, which made it possible to form complex interspecific origin were evaluated. The great importance to the donors of fruit trees and small fruit plants with the identified genes and their effectiveness in the obtaining varieties with the desired traits10(immunity in apple - the genes Vf, Vm, immunity in raspberry - the A gene; habit in apple - the gen Co, large-fruited in raspberry - the gen L , and others) was displayed. The main achievements in the private breeding of apples, pears, cherries, plums, raspberries, black and red currant, strawberry and gooseberry, indicating opportunities to further improve existing varieties and quality modern updates assortment (obtaining varieties with a complex of economic-valuable signs: restrained growth, hardiness, immunity or resistance to main pathogens, high productivity, large-fruited, rich biochemical composition, marketable and consumer qualities of fruit) were given. The importance of work on preservation, maintenance and comprehensive study of genetic collections, including physiological, biochemical and genetic studies was substantiated.

More than 50 apple cultivars were developed and included in the State Register as a result of the 60-year large-scale target breeding at the All Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding. Just for the last three years seven cultivars have been included in the State Register and four apple cultivars have been passed for state trials. Among the seven cultivars included in the State Register ‘Osipovskoye’ (‘Mantet’ x tetraploid ‘Papirovka’), a triploid cultivar of summer maturing, is worth of a special attention. It is characterized by high productivity and marketable fruit of a dessert taste that mature in early August. Among the four apple cultivars passed for state trials the following three winter cultivars are of great interest: ‘Den Pobedy’ (‘Veteran’ x ‘Horcout’), ‘Prazdnichnoye’ (‘Prima’ x ‘Jiant Spy’) and ‘Girlianda’ [224-18 (SR0523 x ‘Vazhak’) x 22-34-95 (814 x PA 29-1-1-63)]. ‘Den Pobedy’ has fruit of medium size (140 g), the appearance attractiveness and taste of fruit are evaluated by 4,3 rating points (according to the 5-point scale). The consumption period continues up to the middle of March. The cultivar is characterized by high productivity, regular fruit-bearing and high marketable qualities of fruit. ‘Prazdnichnoye’ is a scab immune triploid cultivar of winter maturing. Fruit weight is 150- 155 g. Fruit appearance - 4,5 points; taste - 4,3 points. The cultivar is characterized by higher contents of sugars in fruit (14,2 %). Fruit are able to be stored in the refrigerator conditions up to the .middle of January. The cultivar is precocious, productive and has high marketability of fruit. ‘Girlianda’ is a columnar scab immune cultivar. Fruit are of medium weight (130 g). Fruit appearance and taste are evaluated by 4,3 points. The cultivar is very precocious and highly productive. Fruit can be stored in the refrigerator conditions to the end of February.

Collection of citrus crops is basic for conducting of breeding work for creating new forms and varieties, identification and maintenance of sources of economically important traits and for the replenishment of the commercial assortment with new varieties of domestic and foreign breeding. Citrus collection fund of “Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops” consist of 132 varieties of mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, shaddock, also wild and semi-wild congeners which was bringing from Japan, America, Italy, Spain, Nicaragua and Abkhazia. It is wildly represented the group of varieties Citrus rediculata Blanco var .unshiu Tan parthenocarpic fruit- bearing: ‘Kowano-Wase’, ‘Miyagowa Wase’, ’Ochi Wase’ ,’Izeke Wase’, ‘Ikeda’, ‘Pioner 80’, ‘Sochinskii 23’, ‘Milleniym 1’, ‘Milleniym 2’, ‘Unshiy shirokolistnii’, ‘Chernomorskii’, ‘Krasnodarskii’, ‘Kodorskii’, ‘Krupnoplodnii’, ‘Sentyabrskii’, ‘Iveriya’, ‘Ubileinii’, ‘Slava Vavilovy’, ‘Kelasyrskii’, ‘Georgievskii’, Hybrid 10, Clone 33, Clone 22. In the collection there are mandarins varieties from the breeding of Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops - ‘Krasnodarskiy’, ‘Pioner 80’, ‘Sochinskiy 23’, ‘Sakharniy’, ‘Chernomorskii’, ‘Millenium 1’, ‘Millennium 2’ having economically valuable traits, including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. As the result of a comprehensive evaluation of collection samples of Citrus limon (L.) there are revealed low-growing (3,0 m), early-maturing, (November), plenteous (230-250 centner/ha) varieties: ‘Maye’, C. limonelloides, and also intergeneric winter-hardy varieties, (C. limon × P. trifoliata) - ‘Dioscuria’, ‘Odishi’. From this group remontant varieties and forms was revealed - ‘Maye’, ‘Del Brasil’, C. limonelloides, C. limetta, C. limetta ‘Chontipico’, Swit lime, Bergamia, Ponderosa, ‘Dioscuria’. Comprehensive study of such heterogeneous collection serves as the basis for conducting breeding work on creation of new early maturing, high-yielding low-growing forms of citrus, more adapted to extreme environmental conditions. Long-term study of the collection allowed to identify the sources of economic-valuable traits: large fruited, good fruit quality, frost resistance and early maturated (C. sinensis ‘Valensia’, Tangelo, С. junos juzu).

The increasing demand for high-quality wine products and increased interest in the so-called wine tourism are recently noted in Russia. The cultivation of varieties for high-quality wine, local cultivars and of domestic breeding is becoming more urgent, especially in the context of the issue of import substitution.Technical grape varieties, with wine products of high quality and adaptability to local agro-climatic conditions are created as resulting generative selection in the conditions of Krasnodar region in order to improve the assortment of grapes. Based on intraspecific V. vinifera crosses, high- quality cultivars for red wine Granatoviy, Antaris, Litdar, which can compete with popular regionalized European varieties, were obtained. The cultivars differ from European analogues by raised resistance to dominant diseases, Antaris and Litdar are characterized by tolerance to the root form of phylloxera. As a result of interspecific hybridization highly adaptive variety for red wine making as Kurchansky, Dmitry, Vladimir are obtained. They are highly resistant to low temperatures of the winter period (up to-27 ° C) and to the main pathogens.These cultivars combine high adaptability to unstable conditions of the south of Russia with high quality of wine production.They can be grown without covering of bushes for the winter in a covered viticulture area, including Dmitry variety in own-rooted culture.Cultivars of domestic breeding can be represented in the plantations as an alternative to popular European cultivars for high quality of winemaking and form the basis of a stable fruit-bearing in vine yards in the unstable conditions of moderate continental climate of southern Russia.

Prickly gooseberry shoots and susceptibility to the many varieties of the American powdery mildew are deterrents for the wider cultivation of this culture. We have been carrying out the breeding research to launch weakly prickly and resistant to American powdery mildew varieties for more than 45 years. The 37optimal donors and genetic sources, which allow to combine in the offspring of these symptoms were revealed. Derived varieties with a high degree of resistance to the American powdery mildew with weakly prickly shoots. Some of them are listed in the State Register of breeding achievements of Russia (Arlekin, Vladil, Consul (Senator) Cooperator, Narodniy.

The morphological, biological and economic characteristics of the new varieties of plum home Sineokaya in the article are shown.

This article represents data of basic physiological characteristics that describe the water status of Weigela varieties (Weigela × wagneri L. H. Bailey), that has cultivated in the conditions of the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar region. It has been established that such physiological biochemical indicators, such as water deficit, concentration of sap cells and resistance coefficient (T2/T1) is closely correlated with the plants resistance to hydrothermal region adverse conditions. Characterization of a physiological state of the culture in the optimum and stress periods gives an opportunity (within introduction) to select the most resistant Weigela varieties to hydrothermal conditions in the region. On the basis of achieved results Weigela × wagneri cultivars were separated to different groups according to their resistance to stress factors. ‘Gustave Malet’, ‘Arlequin’ and ‘Mon Blanc’ were called as respectively resistant; ‘Eva Rathke’ as medium resistant; ‘Augusta’, ‘Kosteriana Variegata’as hardly resistant.

The unified technology of cultivation of stone crops on the basis of unified system of planting and formation of a small-sized flat crone was developed. The efficiency of stone crops varieties with a small-sized flat crone and their economic efficiency in the production of fruits were studied. As objects of researches we are used: the plum varieties Pamyat’ Tymeryazeva, Syniy Dar, Yaichnaya syniya, Skorospelka krasnaya imparted on a plum clonal stock; the cherry varieties Bulatnikovskaya, Rastorguevskaya, and the sweet cherry varieties Chermashnaya, Serdechko, Iput’, imparted on the clonal stock Izmajlovskiy. The scheme of placing of trees was 4 х 1,5 m. Year of planting of a cherry was 1995, of plums and sweet cherries was 1998. Frequency of eve- ryone variety-stock combinations was fivefold. The generated crone has dimensions of 1,5-1,7 m in diameter and 2,2-2,5 m in height. At such forming crones the efficiency of the variety depends on fructification type. The crone is highly productive at formation of fruit branches on 1-2-nd order of branching and unproductive at their formation on 3-4-th. The harvest for 13 years of fructification at plum varieties fluctuated from 17,6 to 170 centner/ha; at sweet cherries from 65,2 to 76,3 centner/ha; at cherries from 38,3 to 77,6 centner/ha. The average profit for years of fructification at plum and sweet cherry was 358 thousand rubles/ha, at cherry 202 thousand rubles/ha, with profitability of 190 %, 231 % and 138 % respectively.