In connection with rapidly changing and constantly increasing demands for new apple varieties, the main task of breeders is to create them in the shortest possible time and in accordance with the requirements of production. The article contains requirements for 24 indicators, which must correspond to the modern variety. For more than 60 years, more than 50 new varieties have been created and zoned by a cohesive interdisciplinary team of researchers and support staff of the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (ARRIFCB) , including 20 first domestic varieties, immune to scab; from intervalent crossings for the first time in the world a series of triploid varieties was obtained, characterized by greater regularity of fruiting over the years, better marketability and weight of fruits, increased self-fertility; columnar apple varieties with high fruit qualities for super intensive orchards were created. It is shown how the problem of reduced time for breeding new varieties is being solved through improved breeding techniques and the balancing stages of the breeding process in time and space. If in 1950s at average 43 years were spent from the hybridization till the including of a variety into the State Register of Breeding Achievements then in 1960s it was 33 years, in 1980s -26 and in 1990s - 21 years. From the including of a variety into the State Register of Breeding Achievements till its broad introducing into production lots of years pass both in this country and abroad. Well-known in Central Russia the varieties ‘Sinap orlovsky’, ‘Orlik’ and ‘Orlovskoye Polosatoye’ appeared in industrial and amateur orchards across 27 to 30 years . To accelerate the introduction of new apple varieties into production it is suggested to start the production testing of the best varieties in breeding institutions when transferring them into state testing, in addition to the production testing should be conducted in large industrial and farm enterprises on the base of the agreement providing mutual responsibilities of the research institution and administration of the enterprise. It is noted that in Russia there is a sufficient assortment of new domestic apple varieties suitable for the import substitution of fruit production.

Biological and economic characteristics of recommended for cultivation and promising clonal rootstocks of fruit crops according to the results of complex evaluation in stock plantation, nursery and orchard in 1985-2016 are presented in the paper.

The article presents the results of a multi-year breeding work in the North-Caucasian Federal Scientifi c Center for Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-Making to create new sweet cherry varieties that are promising for the southern zone of horticulture. Varieties that form the basis of the zoned sweet cherry assortment of the Krasnodar Territory are created. The main attention is paid to the strengthening of the characteristics of adaptability in combination with stable yield, large-fruited and the marketability of fruits. New sweet cherry varieties are distinguished by high biological productivity and annual yield, have increased the resistance to the main stressors of the environment, fruits with suffi cient attractiveness and consumer quality. On the basis of the zoned sweet cherry assortment and taking into account perspective varieties passing State variety testing, it is possible to create a conveyor of sweet cherry varieties of different maturation periods. Scientifi cally substantiated selection of sweet cherry varieties of local breeding for industrial cultivation makes it possible to increase the reliability of commercial cultivation of sweet cherries in the southern horticultural zone. The description of zoned and perspective varieties of institute breeding sweet cherry of the of different maturation periods is given: Kavkazskaya uluchshennaya, Madonna, Kavkazskaya, Sashen’ka, Utro Kubani, Barkhatnaya, Volshebnitsa, Chernyye glaza, Yasno solnyshko, Yuzhnaya, Kontrastnaya, Krasna devitsa, Alaya, Mak, Luchezarnaya.

The main content of research is the biochemical analysis of fruits of dwarf mandarin, grown in the experimental and technological department of the fruit plants sector of the Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops. The article presents 6 varieties and 2 hybrid of Citrus unshiu. The high total of sugar content, ascorbic acid and a favorable ratio of sugar/acid were revealed.

Results of long-term researches on cultivation of the cherry plum hybrid on clonal rootstocks in nursery in conditions of the Moscow area are presented. The expediency of use eight forms as rootstocks for studied varieties was established. Selectivity of the variety was marked at the choice of an optimum rootstock. Varieties Kubanskaya cometa and Shater have shown high effi ciency of propagation on the majority forms, behind exception SVG-11-19 and 140-1. At propagation of varieties Zoloto Skifov and Naydena preference should be given to the cherry plum Fundamentalnaya and 13-113. To the variety Shater the best results were received on rootstocks VVА-1, Vesennee plamya and OPA-15-2.

The paper determined the immunostimulating properties of Albite, Immunocytophyte and Ecogel in increasing peach resistance to basic diseases (leaf curl and shot-hole), as well as the effect of these preparations on the photosynthetic activity of leaves and crop yield. The studies were carried out by the standard techniques in the conditions of Russian humid subtropics, in Sochi, on the plantations where peach cultivars ‘Redhaven’ are grown. It was established that lesions with peach leaf curl (Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul.) andshot-hole (Stigminacarpophila (Lév.) M. B. Ellis) lead to a signifi cant inhibition of photosynthetic activity. In the years 2015-2016, the index of photosynthetic activity “Kf_T” on leaf sections affected by leaf curl decreased by 12,5-14,8 % compared to the leaves without any symptoms of the disease. On leaf sections affected by shot-hole, it decreased by 6,4-15,2 %. Peach treatment with immunoinducers Albite, Immunocytophyte and Ecogel in their pure form and together with half-dosaged fungicides led to activation of photosynthetic processes with simultaneously growing resistance to leaf curl. The maximum positive result was achieved in the test variants where Albite and Ecogel were applied. The positive effect of immunoinductors on the peach organism also increased the crop yield. Albite used in the tank mixture with fungicides increased peach yield by 124-149 %. The obtained data indicate the expediency of applying immunoinductors in peach agrocenoses.The use of immunoinductors in peach protection system allows not only to reduce the pesticide load on agrocenosis, but also to stimulate the internal mechanisms in plant organism, which increase resistance to phytopathogens.

The adaptive abilities of varieties of currant black plants to the assimilation of cadmium from highly cultivated sod-podzolic soils containing 0,94-1,56 mg/kg of mobile cadmium are studied in the article. Monitoring of plantations was carried out at the FSBSI ARHIBAN in 2014 on 9 varieties of black currant: Orlovskaya serenada, Belarusskaya sladkaya, Zagadka, Vologda, Triton, Biryulyovskaya, Titania, Orlovsky wals, Exotica. The agrochemical properties of soils, the content of mobile cadmium in the soil and its content in the black currant plant berries were determined. Based on the analyzes performed, coeffi cients of cadmium assimilation by black currant plant berries were calculated and statistical dependencies of cadmium accumulation in berries of black currant plant varieties were determined from the agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soils at different depths of the root layer. Based on the results of the studies, regression dependences of cadmium accumulation in black currant berries on the agrochemical properties of soil and the content of mobile cadmium in it were constructed.

Currently, the collection of lilies of the FSBSI ARHIBAN has about 70 varieties. The basis of the collection is Asian hybrids, which have high winter hardiness, stability in culture, diverse by economic and biological characteristics. The varieties are diverse in terms of: the timing of fl owering, color, shape and size of the fl ower, the shape of the infl orescence, the height of the fl owering shoots, the color of the leaves and stem, the pubescence, the ability to form bulbillas. The varieties that are bulb sources with high severity of this sign are identifi ed: ‘Doch’ Dymki’, ‘Zheltaya Ptica’, ‘Naina’, ‘Salamandra’. A brief description of 13 new varieties of Asian lilies (‘Venera’, ‘Gepard’, ‘Doch’ Dymki’, ‘Izyskannaya’, ‘Kolokol’nyj Perezvon’, ‘Nahodka’, ‘Nevesta’, ‘Nezhegol’’, ‘Nina’, ‘Rumyanaya’, ‘Rys’’, ‘Skazka’, ‘Slavnaya’) is given. Particular attention is paid to varieties with the earliest fl owering time, promising for gardening and breeding not only in the central part of Russia, but also in the Urals and Siberia due to the peculiarities of weather conditions. Primary vegetative propagation of varieties and hybrids is carried out by cuttings in the end of May - beginning of June, which allows to receive up to 10-15 bulbils in this year more than 1.5 cm in diameter. The collection is the basis for breeding work and expansion of the domestic assortment of highly adaptive Asian hybrids lilies.

The results of a study on the creation of horticulture thesaurus, including controlled scientifi c vocabulary enriched by hierarchical connections, are presented. Vocabulary is structured in the way corresponding to scientifi c classifi cation and gives opportunity to create fl exible strategies of subject-specifi c search. The concepts of scientifi c vocabulary, terminology are considered. The interpretations of the concept “horticulture” in the international and domestic scientifi c literature are compared. The process of normalization of the terms that are part of the lexical composition of the thesaurus is considered. A method of thesaurus development is presented: vocabulary selection principle, terms normalization, vocabulary entries development, fi tting of Russian descriptors with English ones, creation of comparison tables for three information-retrieval languages: thesaurus, sectorial rubricator, UDC. The purpose and applications of thesaurus are described.

The article presents information on the highly qualifi ed personnel training in postgraduate study. The effi ciency of the postgraduate work of scientifi c institution is shown. For 55 years of postgraduate work, more than 500 specialists have trained, of which more than 400 have defended their PhD thesis.