The 29 April Nadir G. Zagirov was 55 years old. He is the director of FSBSI Dagestan agricultural scientific institute, doctor of science (1998), professor (2007), Honored Scientist of the Republic of Dagestan (2005), winner of the State Prize of the Republic of Dagestan (2003).

The article presents the results of breeding work and stationary study of varieties created in the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. They were allowed significantly to expand the assortment of sweet cherry in the Krasnodar region and to replenish its by high quality adaptive varieties. Currently, in the State register of breeding achievements 12 varieties recommended for wide industrial applications in the North Caucasian region were approved and 6 varieties pass the state testing. In the 2012-2014 years the state variety testing was replenished by 4 varieties of sweet cherries: Krasna devitsa, Cherny glaza, Madonna, Luchezanaya. A group of new varieties of sweet cherries was included in the State register of selection achievements in the area of the Northern Caucasus. They have passed the state testing and were revelead by a complex of valuable characteristics: Kavkazskaya uluchshennaya, Sashenka, Mak, Utro Kubani, Rubinovaya Kubani. These varieties are recommended for wide industrial applications in the North Caucasus region. New and released varieties of cherries are characterized by a complex of economically valuable traits-resistance to the complex climatic stress, disease-resistant, high productivity and quality of fruits. Most varieties belong to the group of large-fruited varieties.

The results of the evaluation of the productivity of twelve perspective apple varieties of various ecological and geographical origin under conditions of the Chechen Republic are presented. The early fruiting, mass of fruits, frequency of fructification and productivity are studied. It is established that the varieties, Prikubanskoye, Kubanskoye bagryanoye, Pamyat Esaulu, Red Chiv, Interprays Golden Bi and Fudzhi were the most early fruiting; less periodical - the Nymph, Pamyat Esaulu, Persikovoye. Varieties with larger fruits Golden Bi, the Rennet Kuban are revealed, Red Chiv, Darya, Kubanskoye bagryanoye, Fudzhi, Prikubanskoye, Pamyat Esaulu and Persikovoyed. Highly productive varieties of apple-tree of selection of North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture - Prikubansky and Kubanskoye bagryanoye, introduced Interprays, Fudzhi and Red Chiv are established. The allocated varieties of apple-tree can be recommended for expansion of production assortment and for creation of intensive plantings of apple-tree in the conditions of the Chechen republic.

In a worsening of ecological situation of imbalance between the structural units agrobiocenoses, under the influence of anthropogenic factors, increases the negative impact on the environment. Requires new approaches to the formation of agro-ecosystems, the development of environmentally friendly plant protection system, allowing to significantly reduce the use of chemicals, widely used natural antagonists of harmful organisms, to intensify the processes of self-regulation in agrocenoses. Optimization habitat garden crops, improvement of ecological situation, the possibility of timely neutralization elements phytosanitary destabilization in agroecosystems depend on many factors, competent and timely implementation of the necessary protective measures. This organizational agronomic and preventive measures, continuous monitoring of pest, beneficial fauna, the phytosanitary situation in general, the use of healthy planting material, immune, resistant or tolerant varieties, parasites, predators and other biological means of plant protection. Knowledge of the characteristics, conditions and wide use of environmentally safe methods and ways of combining them with a scientifically sound reasonable use of selective chemical plant protection products allows to effectively control the phytosanitary situation, to regulate the number and degree of severity of pest and pathogens in plants horticultural crops.

Experimental data on studying small-sized designs of crones in an intensive plum garden are submitted. At formation of flat crones it was possible to reduce the sizes of trees considerably: to lower height on 20-60 %, volume of a crone -in 1,6-3,5 times. Due to this began possible to place without deterioration of a light mode up to 1000-1666 piece/ha and it is more rational to use the allocated area of a feed. In conditions of the Moscow area the variety Pamyat’ Timiryazeva was characterized by stably high annual fructification (20-30 kg / tree). At a variety Utro marked moderate annual loading a crop (7-15 kg / tree). Astable fructification was typical of a variety Tul’skaya chernaya: from 40 kg / tree in 2007 up to 0,1 kg / tree in 2010 and 2011. Decrease of productivity plums occured within to spring frosts (2008) and after abnormal heat (2010-2011). High efficiency of formation of new designs of crones at trees plums is shown at the condensed accommodation. Average productivity of plantings with small-sized flat crones has made 17,8 t/ha, in variant of a «fruit wall»-17,4 t/ha, and at-12,7 t/ha traditional a scrap. High-quality specificity on carrying out forming scraps is revealed. On the average for years of fructification the design of a small-sized flat crone and the condensed accommodation of trees at a variety Pamyat’ Timiryazeva have allowed to receive an increase of a crop in 7 t/ ha. Productivity of a variety Tul’skaya chernaya in plantings with flat crones has increased with 10,9 t/ha up to 16,5 t/ha. At a variety Utro the increase of productivity was a «fruit wall» essential only in variant and has made 40 %. The total crop for 8 years of fructification in experience by the greatest was at trees of a variety Pamyat’ Timiryazeva in variant of a small-sized crone (203,6 t/ha). On a variety this parameter varied Utro in dependence of a design of a crone: from 69,8 (control) up to 98,2 t/ha (a «fruit wall»). The greatest effect from formation of new crones has been received from well branching varieties plums (Tul’skaya chernaya, Pamyat’ Timiryazeva). For a variety Utro with small loading fruit formations increase of productivity was observed at formation of a «fruit wall».

In the Middle zone of horticulture while growing seedlings of new apple varieties on grey forest soils it was found that there was a different plant vigour response of the varieties depending on the used type of a rootstock and influence of manual and chemical methods of the impact on annual seedlings. Nipping and nipping together with the removal of 3-4 upper leaves signifi cantly reduced the seedling height in all studied varieties and promoted the awakening of buds and formation of shoots. The shoot formation really increased in the variant of nipping together with the removal of the first 3-4 leaves to 3,86-4,0 ones in Bogatyr and Sinap Orlovskiy. Treatments with preparations of Epin-extra (0,002 %), Rastvorin (0,5 %) and urea (0,7-0,9 %) without manual impact did not give rise to the additional formation of lateral shoots. The joint impact gave rise to the formation of lateral shoots though it was weaker than in control and did not intensify the infl uence of the manual impact. It was revealed that the contents of nutrition elements - calcium, magnesium and potassium were insufficient in the leaves of control variants of Bogatyr, Veteran, Imrus, Svezhest, Sinap Orlovskiy and Rozhdestvenskoye. The phosphorus content was on a level with optimal standards in a majority of the varieties. In the variants with the use of the chemicals the contents of calcium, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of annual apple seedlings significantly increased in various cultivars at an average. The magnesium content was observed to be reduced in the leaves of Sinap Orlovskiy, Svezhest and Imrus after they had been sprayed with urea and epin. Epin treatments substantially increased the content of calcium in the leaves of annual apple seedlings of Sinap Orlovskiy, Svezhest, Rozhdestvenskoye and Imrus.

The article describes the fruits and their products as promising objects of study of antioxidant properties of various biological and chemical models that exhibit a high level of antioxidant activity. Provides recommendations use the fruit as dietary supplements for food supply. Outlined the main factors influencing the antioxidant activity. Set out the main characteristics of the object - chokeberry, production technology products: puree, juice concentrate, pomace. Explains the basic methods of chemical analysis, determination of antioxidant activity and the study of physical and chemical parameters of objects. Shows the results of the total polyphenol content (using Folin reagent Chekelau), flavonoids (colorimetric method), anthocyanins (by the pH differential), antioxidant activity (for example, colorimetry of free radicals), the mass fraction soluble solids, sugar and pectin, titratable acidity for fresh fruit and processed products. According to these figures identified products containing high levels of antioxidant activity: total content of poly-phenols, flavonoids, anthocyans, antioxidant activity and physico-chemical properties: mass fraction of soluble solids, sugar and pectin, titratable acidity.

To the 100th anniversary of Corresponding Member of the Russian academy of agricultural sciences Yakov S. Nesterov