The factors influencing stability and efficiency of reproduction processes in industrial wine growing are revealed. The main reasons reducing these indicators are specified. The integrated assessment of factors of stability of grapes production is given.

Until now ampelographic description of grape varieties is regarded as primary characteristic. Using phillometric indicators, it is possible to discriminate many varieties. On the basis of the digitized scanned images the statistical analysis of 30 characteristics of the grape leaves of 94 Kazakhstan, Asian and European varieties was showed a correlation of number of phyllometric parameters. Based on the characteristics of all the samples a “mean leaf” shape was obtained. Analysis of metric indexes of the leaf blade was showed that namely the parameters of external configuration of leaves largely determine the variability of shapes and facilitate to the identification and systematization of the varietal material. Procrustes analysis with 17 markers allowed us to obtain the form of the “main leaf” for each Kazakhstan variety. Using the coefficients of Riemannian distances between shapes of the leaf blade the dendrogram of grape varieties of Kazakhstan breeding was constructed, as well as of all the analyzed varieties of different origin.

The article presents the results of breeding studies of the genus Pelargonium L’ Herit. using the method of interspecific hybridization in 2012-2015. The analysis of the pollen of 50 samples, which were selected from pelargonium with a stable pollen - P. crispum, P. citronellum, P. betulinum, P. gemstone, Angel Рansy, Angel Light и Angel Orange. Pollen grains of normal size, and sterile were less than 0,3 %. These species and varieties were included in intervarietal and interspecific crossing. The parents forms and crossing combinations with high efficiency in the transmission to posterity of specified characteristics were selected. Promising agronomic recombinant and some hybrid families with high yield, aromatic, decorative and relatively stable plant with a compact bush were selected. Inheritance in hybrid offspring individual traits of the parental forms of different combinations, were studied. 7 promising hybrids with positive qualities were selected. Specific characteristics - aroma, colour and diameter of the flower, efficiency and duration of flowering, resistance to abiotic stress factors, the overall decorative significantly are superior to the parent form. The greatest range of variation and the emergence of new combinations of features, including a high level of adaptability, were obtained by interspecific crosses. Two combinations of crosses, hybrid offspring which is characterized by a variety of forms (P. crispum× Angel Light and P. crispum × P. betulinum) were selected.

Rust fungi are common parasites, they are also significantly harmful to fruit and small fruits crops. Earlier rust was found on pear mainly in the southern and central areas of horticulture. In recent years it is significantly common and in blackearth zone of Russia, which is apparently associated with climate change, expansion of the area of planting and varietal composition of the culture. The rapid spread of the pathogencould contribute to the active use in ornamental horticulture, gardening and landscape design of juniper, the primary host of the pathogen. But this relationship is not always obvious. To suppress the development of rust on the pear, especially during the years of epiphytotics, along with the organizational and agrotechnical actions using of fungicides is also required. Drugs used against scab are also effective against this disease.

Formation of ecologically adapted systems for plant protection against harmful organisms is impossible without the pesticides risk evaluation to beneficial arthropods. Currently garden protection arsenal has a sufficient set of environmentally friendly pest control agents. Inclusion of these agents in the control program can help to achieve a cumulative effect of protection measures and biological regulation of herbivores number by natural regulatory mechanisms. For this purpose laboratory and field research of influence of biological and modern preparations for useful entomofauna of garden were conducted. Representatives of ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), Syrphidae flies (Diptera), bugs Anthocoridae, Miridae, Nabidae (Hemiptera), Aphidiidae (Hymenoptera), spiders (Araneae) were found on the experimental plots in the garden, lacewing (Chrysopidae), ladybugs (Coccinellidae) and bugs (Nabidae) prevailed. Miridae larvae were used as the test objects in the laboratory as well as larvae and adults Coccinellidae taken from laboratory populations. Field studies have shown that preparations Gerold, Prokleym and Lepidocide did not depress the development of natural garden entomophags - lacewings, predatory bugs Nabidae and Coccinellidae. To determine danger degree of the studied insecticides for entomophags in the garden the following scale was used: low hazard insecticides - the number entomophags reached its level of control within 7 days after treatment; moderately dangerous - in 7-14 days; dangerous - after 15-21 days; extremely dangerous - more than 21 days. According to the laboratory tests results studied preparations (Gerold, Bitoksibatsillin, Lepidocide and Batsikol) were classified as non-hazardous or low-hazard for Coccinellidae and miridae bugs.

The results of studies on the dynamics and migration of residual amounts of pesticides used in commercial apple orchards in the condition of Krasnodar region were presented. It was found that during the formation of the integrated orchard protection systems is a prerequisite for the greatest possible account of all sides of the interaction with the surrounding environment of pesticides: the level of drugs in the biosphere, the dynamics of their behavior, the extent of the total pesticide load, the negative effects previously applied protective equipment, etc. Conducting monitoring survey of garden agrocoenosis in two areas of the Krasnodar region, including the Black Sea coast, has allowed to establish the nature of pesticide contamination and to identify the most appropriate criteria for assessing the level of xenobiotic load: preparation consumption rate, the number of treatments, the nature of the behavior of pesticides in the soil, which results have been significant fluctuations in the level of pesticide residues in the soil from 2-4 maximum permissible concentration (MPC) to their complete absence. The obtained data indicate fundamental differences in the behavior of fungicides and insecticides when applied to complex garden protection systems. It was revealed that the amount of active substance in the garden soil is directly dependent on the flow rate of the drug used. Treatment with pesticides consumption norms of a 400-500 g/ha lead to significant pollution of soil. It was established that the main content of pesticide residues, as in the spring and in the autumn period is distributed evenly and is noted in the 0-20 cm soil layer. In the depths of 20-40 and 40-60 cm in their concentration is fixed on the order of magnitude smaller.

The main components of increase of production efficiency of berries of blackcurrant are the choice of varieties, laying of plantings, maintenance before and during fructification, the duration of operation of plantings, the organization of harvesting and its wholesale cost. In this regard the purpose of our researches was the determination of effective term of the industrial cultivation of plantings of blackcurrant. During 9 years of monitoring of efficiency of 23 varieties were carried out on the same agricultural conditions, without irrigation. The frequency of each variety of bushes is 5 on 3 allotments located in randomized mode. Scheme of placement is 3,0×0,7 m. The costs of the planting and cultivation was determined by standard flow charts and the yield by the average in the 9 years of fructification. The regression analysis was carried out in Chebyshev’s way. It has been established that efficiency of bushes of blackcurrant significantly had differed by years of fructification. It is due to the biological characteristics of variety, the influence of abiotic factors and age of plants. Fluctuations of the actual productivity by years of fructification didn’t reflect adequately age variability. The regression analysis has shown that the efficiency depending on age of plants changes on a convex parabola, reaching a maximum for the 5th year of fructification, and after the sixth year begins to decrease sharply. For the 9th year the efficiency was 11 % lower, than at the beginning of fructification and the tendency of decrease will proceed. Standard costs on laying of 1 hectare were 314,8 thousand rubles, on maintenance for two years prior to fructification were 49,3 thousand rubles, in the year of fructification in combine harvesting were 54,7 thousand rubles. The age of planting to this term was 11 years. For calculation the profit we used an analytical curve of dependence of productivity in 9 years of fructification on average on varieties. For all years of fructification, on average on varieties, the productivity wasn’t lower than 44,3 c/hectare, and maximum has reached 74,3 c/hectare. In the first year of fructification the productivity was 50,0 c/hectare, and the profit was 207,0 thousand rubles. Till 8 years of operation of planting the productivity and the profit increased and reached 74,0 c/hectare and 358,0 thousand rubles respectively. At 11-year age of planting the yield has decreased to 44,3 c/hectare and the profit to 175,0 thousand rubles. In view of irreversible falling of yield it is necessary to assume that at 12-13 summer age the exploitation of plantings won’t be profitable. Taking into account a complex of factors, efficiency of blackcurrant will be profitable to 12-year age of plantings.

Evaluation of agroecological factors on the cultivation of A. deliciosa was carried out on the basis of the influence of meteorological conditions on crop yield during the stages of plant growth for the further development of numerical models “weather - yield”. The variety specific reaction to weather conditions changes was determined. The probability of death of Actinidia plants from low temperatures in winter and spring, which on the territory of the humid subtropics is limited to 0-25 % of years, depending on the altitudinal zonality was established. Equilibrium density not higher than 1,3 g/cm3 was selected as suitability criteria of soils under actinidia plants. The ecological map of Actinidia deliciosa placement in humid subtropics of Russia was developed using a range of indicators (weather, soil, cultivar and relief).

The article presents the results of studying of the impact of fertilizers on the yielding capacity and quality of two grapes varieties of different ripening groups in the conditions of the Astrakhan region. The purpose of this research is the identification of the most effective micronutrients for the foliar application as an element of cultivation technology of table grapes. On the experimental plot there is a vineyard with following features: covered, irrigated, ungrafted. The scheme of planting is 2×3 m, 1670 vines per 1 hectare. The system of vine formation is Moldavian espalier. The vines were treated in the morning hours by aqueous solution of fertilizer with knapsack sprayer to the extent of 0,5 liter/per vine before flowering, after flowering and during the period of berry as a pea size on the recognized varieties of different ripening periods - Ranniy Magaracha and Karaburnu. It was found a positive impact of all forms of fertilizers on grape yielding capacity of both varieties. There were obtained significant raise of productivity thanks to use of Citovit, Siliplant, Ekofus and Nagro fertilizers on early ripening variety - Ranniy Magaracha (12,5-19,6 %), and on the middle ripening variety Karaburnu (16,6-23,0 %) in relation to the control variant. The application of highly concentrated liquid compound nanotechnological fertilizer Nagro contributed to receiving of high rate of yield of Ranniy Magaracha - 13,4 t/ha (control variant - 11,2 t/ha), Karaburnu - 15,5 t/ha (control variant - 12,6 t/ha). Using of Ekofus, a unique organo-mineral fertilizer, slightly (by 0,3-0,4 t/ha) gave way to the impact of the Nagro fertilizer. Due to the application of compound micronutrients the weight of grape clusters exceeded the control variant without fertilizer accordingly: on 6,8-21,2 % for Ranniy Magaracha, on 10,4-24,5 % for Karaburnu variety. Foliar feeding encouraged the increase of the mass concentration of sugars in the grapes berries on 1,5-7,4 g/per 100 cm3 of Ranniy Magaracha variety and on 2,3-7,7 g/per 100 cm3 of Karaburnu variety.

The results of studies of stabilization of nitrogen nutrition by introducing the complex glauconite with nitrogen into the soil mixture, comparative estimation of indicators of growth and development of apricot seedlings of variety Khabarosky with closed root system, depending of the characteristics of the green-house, chemical composition irrigation water are shown. Conclusion about the effectiveness of cultivation of apricot seedlings with closed root system in the greenhouses at introduction of the soil mixture complex glauconite with nitrogen, which provides the optimum level of nutrition for plants throughout the growing season was made. Higher indicators of rates of development of apricot seedlings in polycarbonate greenhouses in comparison with the plastic greenhouses have been fixed. The high importance of water quality used for irrigation on the growth of seedlings was observed. Intensive irrigating plants with closed root system due to rapid drying them in pots gives washout mobile forms of nitrogen, and in the case of using water with significant mineralization salts sodium chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate for irrigation alkalizes the soil mixture. Alkalization leads to a decrease availability of nutrients such as potassium and trace elements and suppression plants. Complex of the glauconite with mineral nitrogen lowers the stressful impact of external factors, which is manifested in the increase of average leaf area and the formation of saturated color leaf apparatus, and confirmed by laboratory tests.