The object of the research was new Belarusian apple varieties Zorka, Krasavіta, Navavіta and Sakavіta, selected from the hybrid fund, obtained as result of many-stage crossing of apple varieties (Malus domestica Borkh.) of various geographical origin (local, American, Western European) with the fourth and fifth generations of profusely blossoming wild apple (M. × floribunda Sieb.), which is carrier of scab resistance Rvi6 gene. The aim of these studies was to study the chemical and technological composition of fruits of new Belarusian apple varieties that are resistant to scab, released during agro biological research. The biochemical composition of the fruit depends mainly on the complex genetic origin of new varieties. New apple varieties differ by a higher content of soluble solids (12.6-13.7 %), titrated acidity (0.70-0.94 %), they exceed the standard variety Vesyalina (0.56 %), as well as the amount of sugars (9.85-11.40 %). The content of pectic substances in the fruits of the studied varieties ranged from 0.76 (Zorka) to 1.31 % (Navavіta). The highest content of pectin substances are the varieties Sakavіta and Navavіta — 1.30 and 1.31 %, respectively. The varieties Krasavіta (7.1 mg / 100 g) and Vesyalina (15.17 mg/ 100 g) are characterized by highest content of ascorbic acid, and the variety Navavita (211.1 mg / 100 g) is characterized by highest content of phenolic compounds. It established that the fruits of the new apple varieties Zorka, Krasavіta, Navavіta and Sakavіta are suitable for producing juice of natural direct extraction, nectar without pulp, nectar with pulp, sterilized fruits rubbed with sugar, frozen.

The purpose of this study was to identify the possibility of using physiological parameters of growth and development of woody plants as markers of their tolerance to the arid conditions of the Mangistau desert zone. Using the generally accepted representative methods for 21 species of trees and shrubs, we studied the seasonal dynamics of the intensity of transpiration and water content of leaves, chlorophyll concentration and heat resistance. According to the magnitude of transpiration consumption of moisture, three groups of introducents were identified: weakly transpiring (<250 mg/g of raw leaves per hour), mediumtranspiring (250-500) and highly transpiring (> 500). A close correlation was established between the intensity of transpiration (IT) and the water content of the leaves of woody plants (r = 0.79). Soil moisture predetermines from 11.6 to 43.6 % of changes in transpiration flow (r = 0.34-0.66). The close connection between the transpiration intensity and relative humidity (r = -0.59) and air temperature (r = 0.46) is credible at 5 % significance level. With the amount of illumination it is associated statistically incredible (r = 0.19). Seasonal dynamics of IT in most introductions looks like a one-peak curve with a maximum in June. For the daytime course of transpiration changes, three types of rhythms are distinguished: “increasing” (from morning to evening), “falling” (from morning to evening) and “variable” (with a maximum at noon). The intensity of the transpiration process due to significant variability and multifactorial nature cannot be counted among the criteria for resistance of woody plants. However, at the same time, a significant correlation was revealed between the biological resistance of introducents and the coefficient of variation of IT. With an increase in its values, the tolerance of plants to arid habitat conditions usually increases due to their increased ability to self-regulate water exchange. Chlorophyll content is characterized by a double-vertex curve with a maximum in June and September. In the most biologically resistant species (elm elm, spinefly), its concentration is less susceptible to seasonal fluctuations. According to the collected research materials, the chlorophyll content cannot yet be considered a credible parameter of plant resistance, since it strongly depends on the bioecological properties of introduced species, especially in adverse conditions of the Mangistau desert. By heat resistance, plants are ranked in three groups: “low” (50 °С) – 3 species; “medium” (60 °С) – 8 and “high” (70 °С) – 3 taxon. As a genetically fixed bioecological parameter, weakly subject to intraspecific changes, it may well be used as a diagnostic characteristic of the introduction value of plants in arid conditions.

The article presents the results of a field experiment to study the effectiveness of the special complex fertilizers of various compositions in the fruiting plantings of dwarf apple trees Renet Kubanskiy and Prikubanskoe varieties on rootstock SK4 in the Central zone of Krasnodar Territory. Analysis of the results of the study for 2013-2018 revealed a significant advantage of the option with the systematic use of fertilizing in terms of productivity of apple tree. The number of fruits per square meter of crown projection area on the background of leaf feeding annually exceeded the control variant (without fertilizers) by 8-30 % (Renet Kubanskiy variety), 10-60 % (Prikubanskoe variety). The materiality of exceeding the indicator is proved statistically at the 5 % level of significance. Increased reproductive function throughout the study period was due to an increase in the number of green pigments in the leaves of shoots. On the example of the Prikubanskaya apple varieties was determined that the total content of chlorophylls (a+b) in the first decade of June was higher than in the control variant 1.9- 27.5 %, and in the third decade of August, in the range of 2.0 to 44.5 % . Leaf feeding of trees with water solutions of special fertilizers provided an increase in the quality of apples, determined during the period of removable maturity. Weight of the fruit on background of fertilizing annually exceeded the control variant (without fertilizers) was 1.1 to 3.8 % (Renet Kubanskiy variety), 1.1-3.9 % (Prikubanskoe variety). The most stable significant excess of this parameter was in Prikubanskoe apple varieties and in Renet Kubanskiy apple varieties at planting scheme 4.5×1.2 m. In terms of commercial quality, apples were characterized as the highest and first commercial grades, since against the background of foliar applications at the main mass the coloring of fruits had an area ranging from ½ to ¾ of the surface (Prikubanskoe variety). The output of high-quality products (the highest and first commercial grades) in the variant with the use of dressings significantly exceeds the control option. At the intensity of hydrothermal factors in the summer, the receiving of foliar feeding provides a higher level of adaptation of the pigment apparatus to environmental conditions in apple plants and increases the yield of high-quality fruits.

Irrational placement of crops without taking into account the “genotype-environment” interaction leads to significant economic losses, especially in conditions of climate change in the manifestation of thermal stress-factors. The purpose of the work is to ensure the stability of the perennial crops fruiting from the position of maximum realization of their hereditary basis in various growing conditions. Using the methods of genetic-physiological, biological, genetic-physiological, meteorological data and digital technologies, a new approach was proposed for managing crop productivity on the example of fruit crops varieties. The importance of the development increases dramatically due to the fact that its use provides stabilization of the fruiting of perennial crops varieties in specific areas of cultivation, taking into account climate change. Using research results will reduce the risk of yield loss from environmental stress-factors. On the basis of a long-term analysis (1986-2018), the probability of manifestation of the temperatures of the winter-spring period, which are destructive for apricot plants, has been studied in different zones of the Krasnodar Territory. The critical minimum temperatures for the fruiting of apricot genotypes of different frost resistance of Krasnoshchekiy (lowered) and 1-22 hybrid (increased), breeding of North Caucasus Federal scientific center of horticulture, viticulture, winemaking for the phases of their development were determined. The manifestations of the minimum temperatures of the winter-spring period were estimated for 30 meteorological stations of the Krasnodar Territory based on data from an analysis of exceeding their critical values in the development phases of the studied varieties. Their response (also in the context of phenological phases) to the temporal and spatial dynamics of limiting factors of the environment is analyzed. The obtained data for each meteorological station is imported into the geographic information system ILWIS, and interpolated to obtain the results of rational distribution of the studied varieties of apricot in the form of digital maps. The constructed digital maps of rational distribution of specific varieties by development phases reveal the adaptive potential of varieties in the conditions of climate change. A new approach to managing the productivity of fruit crops varieties on the example of apricot in various zones of the Krasnodar Territory is proposed.

The article presents the results of a field experiment to study the effectiveness of the special complex fertilizers of various compositions in the fruiting plantings of dwarf Apple trees on rootstock SK4 varieties Renet Kubanskiy and the Prikubanskoe in the Central zone of the Krasnodarregion. Analysis of the results of the study for the period 2013-2018 revealed a significant advantage of the option with the systematic use of fertilizing in terms of productivity of Apple. The number of fruits per square meter of crown projection area on the background of leaf feeding annually exceeded the control variant (without fertilizers) by 8-30 % (Renet Kubanskiy variety), 10-60 % (Prikubanskoe variety). The materiality of exceeding the indicator is proved statistically at the 5 % level of significance. Increased reproductive function throughout the study period was due to an increase in the number of green pigments in the leaves of shoots. For example, Apple varieties Prikubanskoe is determined that the total content of chlorophylls (a+b) in the first decade of June was higher than in the control variant 1.9 27.5 per cent, and in the third decade of August, in the range of 2.0 to 44.5 %. Leaf feeding of trees with water solutions of special fertilizers provided an increase in the quality of apples, determined during the period of removable maturity. Weight of the fetus on background of fertilizing annually exceeded the control variant (without fertilizers) was 1.1% to 3.8% (cultivar Renet Kubanskiy), 1,1-3,9 % (cultivar Prikubanskoe). The most stable significant excess of this indicator was in Apple varieties Prikubanskoe at planting scheme 4,5x1,2 m and in Apple varieties Renet Kubanskiy. In defining the product qualities of apples, it was determined that on the background sheet feeding from the main mass of the fruit coloring of the occupied area and from ½ to ¾ of the surface (sort of the Prikubanskoe), which is characteristic of the highest and first commercial varieties. The output of high-quality products (the highest and first commercial varieties) in the variant with the use of dressings significantly exceeds the control option.

Within the framework of the national goals and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024, the tasks were formulated to radically improving the comfort of the urban environment, preserving biological diversity and preserving forests. These tasks can be successfully solved only in a integrated study of the biological environment of a concrete region. The article shows that the Botanical gardens, providing reliable preservation of the gene pool of the plant world from living organisms to biomaterials, are one of the forms of organization of the scientific process associated with the maintenance and preservation of the diversity of plant bioresources. Collection funds of Botanical gardens, which include tens of thousands of plant names, are a national treasure. The genetic resources of plants preserved in the collections of Botanical gardens represent a unified national collection distributed throughout the territory of the Russian Federation in a wide range of climatic conditions. Plants of natural flora and are currently indispensable raw materials for the food industry and pharmacology, despite the enormous development of the chemistry of synthetic compounds and nanobiotechnology. Botanical gardens can become not only focal points for the study and conservation of plant bioresources, but also the organization of joint research and international cooperation in this field, environmental and aesthetic education of the population.

In the Krasnodar Territory, on the Renet Simirenko apple variety, symptoms corresponding to the manifestation of viral diseases were found: chlorotic leaf spot, dark green depressed spots on the fruit, which manifest themselves at the end of ripening before harvesting and during storage. Identification of pathogens was performed by Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA). Samples were tested for the presence of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), and apple mosaic virus (ApMV). As a result of the analysis, viruses of chlorotic leaf spot of the apple tree (ACLSV) and pitted of apple tree wood (ASPV) were detected. To protect the apple tree from viruses, the drug Farmaiod, GS, whose active ingredient is iodine, was tested. The first treatment was carried out during the 2014 leaf fall period with a consumption rate of 1.0 l/ha and continued in the following 2015 in the phenophase "green cap" and "fruit diameter 10-20 mm" in two versions with consumption rates of 0.5 and 1,0 l/ha. With the onset of leaf fall in the same areas, the treatment cycle was repeated according to the same scheme. Accounting was carried out by the method of visual diagnostics, in addition, at the end of the first and second seasons, virological analyzes were performed by ELISA. As a result of research, it was noted that 3-fold use of the drug Farmaiod, GS in apple trees of the variety Renet Simirenko restrained the development of the apple tree acle virus (ASPV) and completely suppressed the apple leaf chlorophyll virus (ACLSV). The weather conditions of 2016 test triggered a strong manifestation of scab on leaves and fruits. In the experimental variants, it was noted that the drug at 78.3-83.1 % inhibits the development of apple scab. Treatment with Farmaiod, GS also fostered harvest increase and premium output. The maximum results regarding restraints of infectious processes as well as harvest increase were received when applying the preparation with consumption rate of 1,0 l/ha.